[4]Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers (1900)part 4

[PART-1Ahttp://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/09/1a-bombaymumbai-taxi-1850-to-2001-also_3982.html

[PART-1Bhttp://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/09/1-b-bombaymumbai-taxi-1850-to-2001-also.html

[PART-2]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/04/glimpses-of-old-bombay-and-western.html

[PART-3]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/04/glimpses-of-old-bombay-and-western_02.html

[PART-4]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/04/4glimpses-of-old-bombay-and-western.html

[PART-5]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/04/dedicated-to-first-city-mumbai-bombay.html

[PART-6]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/04/6.html

[PART-7]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/04/6-glimpses-of-old-bombay-and-western.html

[PART-8]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/04/7.html

[PART-9]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/04/first-anglo-maratha-war-was-first-of.html

[PART 10]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/06/bombay-history-of-cinema-1896-and.html

[part-11]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/06/indian-modes-of-irrigation1874-elephant.html

[PART12]  MAPS OF BOMBAY 1843 TO 1954http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/06/maps-of-mumbai-bombay.html

               DEDICATED TO THE FIRST CITY-MUMBAI-[BOMBAY] ;OF INDIA.part-4 of 9

INDIA MAP 1760

Sidi Mubarak Bombay

Sidi Mubarak Bombay

rgs.org

Sidi Mubarak Bombay1820Born in the Yao kingdom in East Africa, on the border of what is now Tanzania and Mozambique.1832Captured by Arab slavers as a young boy. After being captured he was made to march to the slave market in Kilwa, where he was sold. He never sawhis family again.c.1832-1855Once the slaves had been sold they were put on ships called 'dhows'. These ships took themto work on farms in countries around the Indian Ocean. On the farms they were beaten and forced to work. Sidi Mubarak Bombay was put on a dhow and sent to the Gujarat area of India. His owner gave him the slave name of 'Mubarak'.He spent many years in India and learnt to speak Hindi. When his owner died, he became a free manandreturned to Africa on a ship.1857-1863In Zanzibar, he joined the army of the sultan. In 1857, he was recruited by the explorer John Hanning Speke as a guide forhis expedition (with Richard Burton) to find the source of the River Nile. They communicated with each other in Hindi and English, the two languages they could both speak.He also joined Speke for a second expedition withJames Grant(1860-3).1873He travelled from the East Coast of Africa to the West on foot. During his life he covered approximately 9,600 kilometres (much of this on foot) and became the most widely travelled man in Africa.1876He received an awardfrom the Royal Geographical Society in recognition ofthe help he gave to Speke in searchingfor the source of the River Nile.1885In 1885, he diedin Africa at the age of 65

'Sidi Mubarak Bombay', also known as Chuma

Sidi Mubarak Bombay also known as Chuma (1820–1885) was an African guide who participated in numerous expeditions by 19th century British explorers to East Africa.

He was a waYao, born in 1820 on the border of Tanzania and Mozambique and as a young boy was captured by Arab slavers. His captors made him march to the slave market in Kilwa, where he was sold in exchange for some cloth, never again to see his family. Next he was sailed on a dhow to the Gujarat area of India. His owner gave him the slave name of ‘Mubarak’. Bombay lived as a slave in India many years and learned Hindi. He was emancipated after his owner died, and returned to Africa.

In Africa, Bombay met John Hanning Speke,

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What Led to the Discovery of the Source of the Nile

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The British explorer John Hanning Speke (1827‒64) is famed for being the first European to visit Lake Victoria and to identify it as the source of the Nile. Speke undertook three African expeditions, the first two with the great explorer Richard Burton (1821‒90), like Speke an officer in the Indian Army. In early 1855 Speke accompanied Burton on a voyage from Aden to Somalia and then southwards into East Africa. The two men separated for part of the expedition; Speke explored the area south of Bunder Gori and Burton proceeded to Harrar. Following brief service in the Crimean War, Speke joined Burton on a second, much larger expedition to the Great Lakes region of Africa. The two men left Zanzibar (in present-day Tanzania) in June 1857 and reached Lake Tanganyika in February 1858. Both explorers were stricken with malaria, but Speke recovered sufficiently to proceed northward to the southern end of an enormous lake, which he named Victoria after the British queen. What Led to the Discovery of the Source of the Nile is Speke’s account, based on his journals, of these two expeditions. Originally serialized in Blackwood’s Magazine, the book is in two parts, each comprised of five chapters, “Journal of Adventures in Somali Land” and “Journal of a Cruise on the Tanganyika Lake.” Speke’s journal of August 3, 1858 recounts his first sight of the lake, whose enormous size he did not yet fully comprehend: "I no longer felt any doubt that the lake at my feet gave birth to that interesting river, the source of which has been the subject of so much speculation, and the object of so many explorers.” Speke undertook a third expedition, without Burton, aimed at proving his claim that Lake Victoria was the source of the Nile. Accompanied by 176 men, Speke set out from Zanzibar in September 1860. On July 28, 1862 he reached the point at which the Nile issues from Lake Victoria, which he named Ripon Falls. Speke returned to England via Cairo, and in December 1863 published Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile. What Led to the Discovery of the Source of the Nile, published the following year, was intended in part to bolster Speke’s importance as an explorer and his claims to have found the source of the Nile, which were disputed by many, including Burton, with whom Speke had had a bitter falling out.

who asked him to join his expedition to find the source of the Nile River

and Speke communicated with each other in Hindi, as it was the only language both of them understood. Bombay was well-regarded by the British explorers; in the words of Burton, "The gem of the party, however, is one Sidi Mubarak, who has taken to himself the agnomen of 'Bombay.'" Between 1856 and 1876, Bombay participated in expeditions by Speke and other English explorers, including Richard Francis Burton, 

Burton

Henry Morton Stanley

and Verney Lovett Cameron. When Stanley went in search of David Livingstone

when Stanley met Livingstone

 Bombay was appointed chief of the caravan. In 1873 Bombay walked across the continent of Africa from the East coast to the West Coast.

His role in exploration was recognised by the Royal Geographical Society of London, which presented Bombay a silver medal 1876 for his assistance to Speke as they strived to find the source of the Nile River. However, Bombay was never invited to England. He died in Africa at the age of 65.