FRAMJI COWASJI BANAJI, 1838, the original landowner of Powai and Kavasji Jamshedji Petigara: An Extraordinary Policeman

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A Tribute to FRAMJI COWASJI BANAJI, 1838, the original landowner of Powai

by POWAI INFO on April 2, 2011 in COMMUNITY, HISTORY

FRAMJI COWASJI BANAJI BOMBAY, 18th May, 1838 was the original landowner of Powai, where in the land was subsequently handed to Mr. Sir Mohammed Yusuf and then over to Freedom Fighter Chandrabhan Sharma.
The Powai Estate in its palmy days was the glory of Western India. In addition to this, Framji was connected with numerous other enterprizes, viz.: railways, insurance com-panies and so forth. (Picture: Framji Cowasji Banaji Bungalow opp Powai Lake)

FRAMJI’ s PUBLIC SERVICE  .

He was the first Justice of the Peace in Bombay, one of the first citizens to introduce- gas light in Bombay, the first to introduce- engineering contrivances in the matter of- carrying water from one place to another ‘by means of pipes, and above all, the first Indian in whose honour a public meeting was held’ where Hindus, Mahomedans, Parsis and Chris-tians assembled together to raise a memorial to* his great and valuable” services. Besides help- ing forward the cause of the country in* these ways, Framji encouraged its industries and its arts in agnore practical and substantial form, for he was one of those believers in national upliftment that would see in the advance of national industry a means to the end.  He early associated himself with public companies of an industrial character and where other natives of India were afraid to step in, he rushed forward and cleared their way, undetaking risks and ventures, He was the first and only native f India who purchased the shares of the G.I.P. Railway Company when the scheme was first launched into existence. The Company had to pass through trying conditions when it had to bore tunnels in the of heart of the mountains, and many.shareholders began shirking, but Framji would not be deterred by anything which established his reputation among the Europeans. Again owing to the invention of steam-power, cotton-weaving and L spinning industries were just being set afoot, and so were Insurance companies & commenced, and of allthe natives,Framji was the first to help them in a very tangible form by investing what little he had these newly-risen companies, which accounts for the great sacrifice he made. He one of the active workers on the Board of the Bank of Bombay, and of the Bombay Chamber of Commerce ushered into existence in the year 1836.
Prior to his days, the people of Bombay knew little of the benefits of insurance,and when a modest company was started, it had to pass through a crisis; but Framji came to its rescue and set an example to his fellow-countrymen and co-religionists- by buying up a large number of shares in it. This is but a brief account of what great industrial enterprizes Framji in his days aided in a variety of ways. He earned much, but gave away more to works of public utility, so that,at the time of his death which took place at the patriarchal age of 85, he was rather poor.. Being a lover of education and science, he took a great interest in the* furtherance of the cause of education among the masses, and when he died, the Education Board under the presidency of that eminent educationist and Judge, Sir Erskine  Perry, had  a very touching resolution put before the committee . and passed which, considering the scant, support and co-operation sought by the-government in those days from Indians, and the equally meagre way in which it was suppprted, redounds to the credit of this eminent Parsi. That resolution ran as follows : ” Framji Cowasji, Esq., resigned his seat in consequence of his advanced time of life. The eminent and good citizenship, and zeal in supporting every measure for public improvement, which distinguished our late much esteemed colleague, are too well-known to your Lordship (Governor of Bombay) in Council to need any notice from us, but in recording his death, which subsequently occurred, the Board feel a melancholy pleasure in thus publicly expressing the respect in which they hold his memory.”

But more touching and impressive was the resolution put before the public meeting convened at the Town Hall in his honour by the‘Hon’ble Jagannath Shankersheth when he addressed the meeting as follows :” You [Judge Le G-eyt] as his friend and his colleague, Mr. Chairman, know how highly I estimated the character of our -deceased friend. He was not a scholar, and for the last ten years of his life he was not a wealthy man ; indeed, he had fallen into evil days, and yet he managed to,secure the esteem and love of all who came within his influence ; and the question which suggests itself is what were the qualities which now we esteem and love which he possessed of all the inhabitants of Bombay? his eminent good citizenship. He possessed that virtue, not common among people now, in an eminent degree. It is a. virtue too little exemplified by our  Hindu friends, who, I hope, will excuse me for so saying,  is it universal among the Parsis, but it is more so among them than among other classes. He exercised that virtue more than others of his countrymen ; he was a steady good citizen, bold enough to speak out hjs opinion, and energetic to rest himself to do his country good. These virtues we are desirous to see universal.” The great Dadabhai Naoroji was present at the meeting and he too spoke in eujogistic terms along with many other Parsis, Hindus and Mahomedans, which shows in what universal esteem and respect this great Parsi was held, Framji Cowasji died nearly 80 years ago, but his name and fame are imperishable for he was a great servant of his community and his country

FRAMJI COWASJI BANAJI, 1838 ...

LORD LEICESTER OF WESTERN INDIA

Bombay was not what it is to-day, and the Powai Estate, which stood in the vicinity of the town, extended for miles together where this “Lord Leicester of Western India,as the was aptly called by Sir John Malcolm, a former Governor of the Presidency, laid out vast plots of cultivated area.

 Sir John Malcolm 

Sir John Malcolm
Governor of Bombay
In office 1 November 1827 – 1 December 1830

Sir John Malcolm
Governor of Bombay
In office 1 November 1827 – 1 December 1830

John Malcolm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Malcolm

• 
  

Major-general Sir John Malcolm GCB, KLS (2 May 1769 – 30 May 1833) was a ... Sir John Malcolm was born in 1769, one of seventeen children of George ...

in one of his records states :

” I lately paid a visit to the estate of Framji Cowasji at Powai and never was more gratified. ‘This highly respectable native has laid out much money time a variety of useful improvements. He has sunk a number of wells, has built houses, and made an excellent road, planted a gveat quantity of sugar-cane, indigo^, and mulberries for silk-worms, he has erected an excellent sugar mill, which I saw at work and all the necessary buildings on an indigo manufactory. But, what. I was most delighted with was the passionate fondness Framji appeared to have for his estate.”His projected improvements of a tank, a garden full of fruit trees of every country, the erection of ~a bungalow for English travellers and a Safai and the stables at the spot where the road to his estate leaves the Thana great road, will be more useful to the public, as it is exactly half my between Bombay and Thana and mark the liberal spirit in which he has determined to fulfil the obligation of his lease.” There were eight villages under Framji’s control, a number of wells were sunk by him ; and the most note-worthy point about the estate was that there were a lakh of mango trees in his garden. To-day, too, the mangoes of Powai sell dear in the markets of Bombay because they are so good.

Framji was the first native of India to send mango fruits to England as a present to Queen Victoria. A copy of his letter to H. M. the Queen is given below: *

“‘” May it please Your Majesty, 
The improvement and extension of Steam Navigation have now happily brought your Majesty’s dominions in the Eastern world so closely together, that I venture most humbly and most respectfully to lay at your Majesty’s feet some specimens of the. celebrated Bombay mangoes, in earnest hope that this delicious fruit, which has never before been transmitted to Europe, may reach your Majesty in a state of preservation and prove.

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Parsi opium drug runner SIR Cowasjee Jehangir Readymoney made Elphinstone College. He also made a big part of Mumbai University. See his picture below.

Kavasji Jamshedji Petigara: An Extraordinary Policeman

Edited by: arZan on November 5, 2014

Bombay, History

On reading a recent article on the Irani brothers in the Mumbai Police Force, Parsi Khabar reader Shahpur Doctor writes in to remind us of a legendary Parsi police officer from nearly a 100 years ago.

Shahpur writes:

I would like to bring the following information for your kind attention, and I am certain that your readers will enjoy reading about it.

The life size marble statue of Ex. Deputy Commissioner of Police,  Khan Bahadur Kavasji Jamshedji Petigara,   C.I.E., O.B.E., I.S.O., J.P. I.P. is located near the Framji Cowasji Institute at Dhobi Talao in Mumbai. The statue was unveiled by Sir C. P. Ramaswamy Aiyer, Dewan of Travancore near Faramji Cowasji Institute, Dhobitalao, Bombnay, on 8th June 1940, when an Armed Police Contingent, presented A Guard of Honour.  The Viceroy of India, & The Governor of Bombay, praised his wisdom, popularity & eagerness to do his duty & his Gallantry, and  Meritorious Services rendered by him for many years fighting Crime at Bombay.

Then Commissioner of Police of Bombay spoke about, and recorded his utmost Loyalty & Dedication towards his Senior Officers.

Kavasji Petigara was born to a very devout and honest Parsi family on November 24th, 1877 and passed away on March 28th, 1941, at the age of 63. He started his career as a Sub Inspector of Police in 1903.

Due to his Crime Fighting ability, Intelligence, Meritorious Service and Loyalty, he was Promoted to the Rank of Inspector of Police, after Six years of service in the year 1909.

After 10 years he was Promoted to the Rank of of Superintendent of Police, Bombay, in the year 1919.

On February 1st 1928 he was the first Indian ever to be promoted to the rank of deputy commissioner of police, by the British, & was placed in charge of the crime branch of the Bombay police, which post he held for 10 years.  He retired on April 11th, 1937.

He was given The Title of Khan Saheb in 1912. In 1916 he was bestowed the Title of Khan Bahadur for his highest acts of bravery. He also earned, I.S.O. Imperial service Order in 1926,  O.B.E.  Order of The Brirtish Empire, in 1931, C.I.E.  in 1933, and KING’S POLICE MEDAL, IN 1934.

After retirement from Police Service, he was appointed as The First Non Muslim, to a very responsible position of Admini9strator, of Prince Ali Khan’s (son of Aga Khan) estate.

He was a True Parsi in every sense of the word, was very religious and was a regular worshiper at our Parsi Fire Temples and our Atesh Behrams.  Though he was Tough by nature but he was very kind hearted and took Great Care of the Officers and the Sepoys (street cops) that served under him.  He was well known for his personal charities to the poor and the needy, and to the families of the crime victims.  So today let us Salute this Great Soul, who has made our Parsi Community Proud, as it is time to celebrate his Birth Anniversary on November 24th.

More about Kavasji Jamshedji Petigara: Wikipedia Entry

Shahpur further adds:

I would like to add a few names that I missed when I wrote to you earlier.

The other names that come to my mind are Inspectors Antia and Zaveri, and I am not sure if they became ACP’s One person that also made a name for himself was Assistant Commissioner of Police Cooverji Bhesadia, who was attached to The Anti Corruption Bureau at Bombay and he broke the backs of  the Gold Smugglers, in the late 1960’s.  We also had Mr. Sanjana who was not a Police Officer, but was a strict Law Enforcement Officer in the capacity of The Deputy Collector of Central Excise at Bombay & he went after the Gold smugglers in a very big way, in the 1960’s.

Even at the R.T.O. Regional Transport office, there were several Parsi R.T.O. Officers.  The Top position was held by Mr. Servai, who i believe was the Chief R.T.O. Officer.Then we had Dy. SP. Darayus Contractor, (Deputy Superintendent of Police) in the district of Thana, who resided at Rustom Baug.  After his retirement he was chosen as The Chief Security Officer of Bank Of Baroda at Bombay, as he had to his credit of having cracked many major cases during his tenure.At Bombay in the 1050’s there was a Civilian Officer with The Bombay Police who was the Pillar of The Finger Print Bureau.

His name was Mr. Daruwalla, and in the day and age when they had no computers,  he was the most respected FINGER PRINT EXPERT OF NATIONAL REPUTE OF HIS TIME. Mr. Daruwalla  HAD CRACKED MANY CASES WITH HIS EXPERTISE OF FINGER PRINTS.  Mr. Daruwalla had testified in Courts, where his word was respected as an authority.In The State of Gujarat, we had I.G.P. (Inspector general of Police) Mr. Nagarwalla I.P.S. who was a Indian Police Service Officer along with other Parsi Police officers that served the State of Gujarat. At the Central level we also had I.P.S. Parsi Police officers by the names of Mr. Rustomji, and Mr. Satarawalla.

If my memory serves me right, they both were I.P.S. Police Officers and at least one of them was The Director General of The Border Security Force (B.S.F.)Some people have made irresponsible statements about our Present day Parsis, not joining the Police Force, by saying that they are lazy, & like to work in The Corporate world, and they lack knowledge of the Marathi language.  Let me add my 2 cents to this statement by saying that today the main reason for Parsis not joining The Police Force, is that Corruption is at such a high level that where one has to bribe to be recruited, or be a relative of a minister. So our Parsi boys, are not good candidates for the this job, and the higher ups are fully aware of it, so if any Parsi that applies does not have a snow ball’s chance in hell to either be selected, and if selected they are shunted to unimportant posts, as they do not have their Godfathers as Higher Ups who can assist them.

This is a Very High Stress Level job, where there are no labor laws to protect them, and they have to work very long hours without any limit, at the cost of their family life.

Unwanted transfers when their children are in school, upsets the education plans of their children.

One has to handle “human garbage” on a daily basis and that also is a negative factor of this Police job.  One is damned if they do their job and damned if they don’t.  Criminals walk free and officers are made answerable.

Far off transfers from their residence also takes it’s toll.

There is no job satisfaction.  As they say in Marathi “VASHILA PAIJE” WHICH MEANS YOU NEED A GODFATHER TO PULL YOU IN, AND TO GIVE YOU PLUM POSITIONS, & POSTS, without which one just rots in the Dept. in unimportant bottom of the barrel postings for years.

Knowing that, is a very sad situation, so the Parsis / Iranis have not thought about joining the Police Dept in recent years.  Gone are the days of the Parsis to work as Police Officers, unless one can manage to be selected as an I.P.S. Officer. Additionally one must remember that, all or most of The Parsi / Irani Police Officers that excelled in the Police Dept. in the past, never gave a helping hand to the young Parsi Boys to join the Police Dept. and never played their part to bring up those that had already joined, and if one was dumped in an unimportant position due to lack of that “VASHILA”, then they rotted there for many years, causing the morale to dip low.

Among the Maharashtrian Police Officers, they actively make it their Priority to suck in their own people, take an active roll so that they do get timely Promotion, and Postings at important Posts.  So that being said, we can conclude that the time of the Parsis / Iranis to serve in the Police Dept. has become a thing of the past.   So we have to move on.

It is Proven by the fact, that I personally am not aware of a Single Parsi / Irani Police Officer who has brought in his son, daughter or relative, in the Police Dept.  This very silently proves morale at it’s lowest.
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A Tribute to FRAMJI COWASJI BANAJI, 1838, the original ...

www.powai.info › a-tribute-to-framji-cowasji-banaji-bo...

A Tribute to FRAMJI COWASJI BANAJI, 1838, the original landowner of Powai. POWAI INFO. With about 1500 business listed on this website. We get about ...

A friend of Dwarkanath Tagore, Rustomji Cowasji Banaji a ...

www.telegraphindia.com › culture › heritage › cid

Feb 22, 2020 — Rustomji Cowasji Banaji, who brought his family by sea in 1838, played a major role in the making of the modern city.

The Banaji and Mehta Families: Forging the Parsi Community ...

yazdgerddotnet.files.wordpress.com › 2017/10 › patel-...

PDF

His eldest brother was Framji Cowasji Banaji. (1767–1851), the ... somewhat morbid state of affairs when, in 1838, he bucked social conventions and brought his ...

Excellence of Parsis as the First Indians To&hellip

parsikhabar.net › india › excellence-of-parsis-as-the-firs...

... and one of the proprietors of The Times of India (founded in 1838) were all Parsis. Mr. Sorabji Cawasji Kharas (1821 – 1875) was the first Indian to go as a ... promoters / directors being Dadabhai Rustomji Banaji, Framji Cowasji Banaji and ...

Full text of "Memoirs of the late Framji Cowasji Banaji"

archive.org › stream

I OF THE FRAMJI COWASJI BANAJI, BY HIS GREAT GRANDSON KHOSHRU ... Writing on this subject the Bombay Gazette of the 16th July 1838 says : " Our ...

Memoirs of the Late Framji Cowasji Banaji - Scholars Choice ...

h.onlain-igru.ru › ...

PDF

Framji cowasji banaji at the end of his letter i inform you the members of​ parsi community, and ... A Tribute to FRAMJI COWASJI BANAJI, 1838, the original.

Mithibai And Others v. Limji Nowroji Banaji And Others ...

www.casemine.com › judgement

Framji Cowasji Banaji died on the 12th February, 1851, seized or possessed of the Poway Estate, in Salsette, which had been granted to him by the East India ...

Missing: 1838 ‎| Must include: 1838

Baghzaad Bhomisha on Twitter: "In 1838, Framji Cowasji ...

twitter.com › baghzaad › status

May 24, 2020 — In 1838, Framji Cowasji Banaji, Esq. sent native fruit Mango that was grown in his estate of Powai, Bombay as a present to Her Majesty.

The Framji Cowasji Institute built in Framji Cowasji Banaji’s memory by the citizens of Mumbai features on our #DhobiTales heritage walk. Look out for its next listing at http://khakitours.com after this enforced break because of #COVID19

@TheParsiTimes

Quote

KHAKI Lab

@KhakiLab

·

Apr 3, 2020

#TodayInMumbaiHistory THE FORGOTTEN PHILANTHROPIST As a merchant prince and philanthropist, today Framji Cowasji Banaji is overshadowed by the two Jamsetjees - Jeejeebhoy and Tata. But he was a titan of his times. Let’s remember him on his 253rd birth anniversary today.

Show more

..........

simple Indian life style of 1950's-no electricity no kitchen appliances

3:22kaun rang mungwa-

Kaune rang mungwa
Kawan rang motiyaa
Kaune rang mungwa
Kaune rang mungwa
Kawan rang motiyaa
Ho kaune rang
Ho kaune rang
Nanadi tore birna
Ho o o o jee
Sabaz rang mungwa
Safed rang motiyaa
Sabaz rang mungwa
Sabaz rang mungwa
Safed rang motiyaa
Saanwar rang
Ho saanwar rang bhauji
More birna
Ho ho ho jee
Toot gayile mungwa
Bikhar gaile motiyaa
Toot gayile mungwa
Toot gayile mungwa
Bikhar gaile motiyaa
Bisar gaile
Haay bisar gaile
Bhauji more birna
Ho o o o jee
Been laibo mungwa
Bator laibo motiyaa
Been laibo mungwa
Been laibo mungwa
Bator laibo motiyaa
Manaaye laibo
Manaaye laibo nanadi
Tore birna
Ho ho ho jee
Kit sohe mungwa
Kit sohe motiyaa
Kit sohe mungwa
Kit sohe mungwa
Kit sohe motiyaa
Ho kit sohe
Ho kit sohe
Nanadi tore birna
Ho ho ho ho jee
Mundri sohe mungwa
Sohe motiyaa
Mundri sohe mungwa
Mundri sohe mungwa
Sohe motiyaa
Titiriya sohe
Ho titiriya sohe
Bhauji more birna
Ho ho ho jee
Ho ho ho ho
Ho ho
Ho ho ho ho
Ho ho ho ho
Ho ho ho ho ho.

4. no washing machines yet
5. 

   3:16

Apni Nazar Se Unki Nazar Tak - Mukesh - HUMLOG (1951).

by Roy Badal

• 4 years ago
• 11,816 views

Apni Nazar Se Unki Nazar Tak - Mukesh. FILM: HUMLOG 1951. STARRING: BALRAJ SAHNI, NUTAN, SHYAMA, KANHAIYA LAL

Steaming ahead: China's Shixi-Bagou railway, in pictures

Workers service a local coal powered steam train before departing on a trip carrying local villagers at a station in the town of Shixi, Sichuan Province, in Southern China. While China boasts the world's most extensive high-speed rail infrastructure with over 16,000 kilometers of track, the Shixi-Bagou railway is still a primary connection for local villagers between towns and is kept alive by tourist cars carrying passengers for ten times the price. The rail line came into service in the late 1950s and the train was initially used to transport coal from a now-shuttered mine before passenger carriages were added.
Picture: Kevin Frayer/Getty Images)

Lost Trams Of Mumbai May Make a Comeback Soon

All India | Written by Saurabh Gupta | Updated: July 05, 2015 19:34 IST

Trams ran in Mumbai till the 1960s

Mumbai, Maharashtra:  "Kahin Building, Kahin Traame, Kahin Motor, Kahin Mill..." - the vanished trams that the '60s Bollywood hit had immortalized may soon make a comeback, not in their old trundling form, but in a modern avatar.On Saturday, while speaking on the coastal road project in Mumbai, Union Minister for Environment Prakash Javadekar announced that trams may be part of the multi-modal corridor planned between Nariman Point and Kandivali.

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The draft notification, he said, "mentioned that the metro, buses and trams could be included... The electric tram runs fast. If anything of that sort is incorporated, it will help the people.""I feel trams are good for a crowded city like Mumbai, especially the island city," Traffic analyst Ashok Datar told NDTV. "It may reduce illegal parking (on the tram tracks)... Also it means less space compared to a Bus Rapid Transport lane."
Trams are a part of Mumbai's history. The first horse-drawn service started between Parel and Colaba in 1874. Thirty years later, electric trams replaced them. Double-deck tram services, started in 1920, became an intrinsic part of the city's landscape - till 1960s, when the service was withdrawn.
Trams have managed to survive in only one Indian city, Kolkata. But this eco-friendly and cheap transport has become a burden on the city's roads due to lack of modernization.
The sleek modern trams that run in Europe, however, are a different story.
The reaction to the idea is mixed. While some old timers say it would restore memories of the golden era in Mumbai, some feel it's ridiculous to reintroduce a thing of the past.
"The idea of a tram on the coastal road is a surprise," said columnist and author Anil Dharkar, calling it a "very exciting idea".
"I lived opposite the Electric House tram depot. They woke me up every day at 5 am with their clanking noise straight out of a Harry Potter movie," said advertisement guru Alyque Padamse. "I think it is ridiculous to bring back these slow prehistoric noisy monsters and if they reappear like dinosaurs from the dead, I shall have to reach for my double barrel shot gun!"

 COMMENT
POLITICIANS CHANGE IDEAS 
FIRST IT WAS SEA LINK TO VERSOVA-BELOW
 
THEN IT IS COASTAL ROAD BELOW

NEXT IT WAS COASTAL ROAD AND METRO ON SAME ROAD


NEXT IT MAY BE A COASTAL  LAND LINK MADE SIMILAR TO SEA LINK-BELOW




OR IT MAY BE A SEA LINK WITH METRO AND ROAD-BELOW

POLITICIANS USED TO CHANGE PARTIES AT THE DROP OF A HAT
SO ALL THESE PLANS WILL REMAIN PLANS

Wednesday, October 24, 2012

Why nobody wants you to have an affordable home in Mumbai

by Sunainaa Chadha Sep 17, 2012

25

0

It’s one of Mumbai’s supreme ironies: people have jobs, sometimes even halfways-decent jobs, but most of them can never boast of a home.
With rising real estate prices, more and more people with perfectly respectable jobs cannot find affordable housing to buy or to rent. More than half the population lives in slums. But who is responsible for such a social imbalance? Is it just the builder who wants to maximise his profit? Is it the government, which fails to provide a single-window clearance  to speed up the approval process for builders? Or  is it the buyer who wants the maximum return on his investment?
In 2010, the Maharashtra Chamber of Housing Industry and the state government inked a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the aim of developing five lakh affordable homes in Mumbai and the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR). Two years later, the homes remain a distant dream. Realtors cite their poor financial health, a slowdown in the economy, rising cost of construction material like cement and steel, restricted floor space index and project delays as the reasons for shying away from affordable housing in Mumbai.
Says Paras Gundecha, president of the Maharashtra Chamber of Housing Industry (MCHI-CREDAI), “The real estate sector has virtually come to a standstill due to the innumerable delays that developers encounter.” This delays the completion of projects, leaving developers with no option but to pass on 25 percent additional costs to the consumers, he added. Builders bank on speedy execution to control costs and keep prices low, and by delaying approvals regulators blunt  low-cost housing  initiatives.

With rising real estate prices, more and more people with perfectly respectable jobs cannot find affordable housing to buy or to rent. AFP

But the truth is that neither the government nor the developer thinks that affordable housing is essential. “Why should they? After all, developers are businessmen and not social entreprenures,”says Anirudh Walhal, Director at property research firm DTZ.  When affordable housing is not your core business and when there is enough demand for your regular projects, builders are bound to stay away from affordable housing given the low margins. Only a few listed companies  like Godrej and DLF, which have a reputation to maintain and are accountable to shareholders, migrate to middle-income projects  from luxury projects when recession sets in in order to offset the impact of unsold inventory in luxury homes.  But here too  houses are sold to the investor and not  genuine buyers – as in the case of  Godrej Properties’ Gurgaon project, where the company sold 50 percent of the flats on the first day of launch, a realty expert told Firstpost on condition of anonymity. Typically, end-users visit a site three to four times before making their down payment, not buy on the first day of launch.
In any case, affordable housing requires support from the government, given the high land cost. Without a proper policy or a regulator in place, the role of  state agencies in facilitating affordable housing is limited by the sheer pressure from the politician-builder nexus, as the case with Maharashta Housing and Development Authority, or Mhada, demonstrates.
According to a research paper by PH.D Scholar Sahil Gandhi published by the National Institute of Urban Affairs, only 5-6 percent of Mumbai’s population can afford a house in Greater Mumbai. Given the current property rates, income distribution and institutional lending rates, 70 percent of Mumbai’s housing demand can only be met if property is priced Rs 20-25 lakh, he argues. This wouldn’t even cover the construction cost for developers in a city where land prices have risen by 200-300 percent in just the past four years.
“The real value of ‘affordability’ is Rs 15 lakh. At this price, a developer will lose his shirt because he will have to make houses  in the outskirts to gain cost advantage,” says Sanjay Dutt, MD at real estate services firm Cushman and Wakefield.
This, however, is the true reality of Mumbai. The aam admi has to live at least 60-90 km away from the city if he can even dream of owning a house.
Sunil Makhija (35) is a clerk at a private bank in South Mumbai’s Opera House; his wife works in a beauty parlour in Kandivili. Their combined monthly income is less than Rs 35,000. Makhija has two options: either own a house in Karjat, 90 km away from Mumbai, and spend five hours commuting everyday, or  live in Mumbai’s slums because of its proximity to the city. Makhija chose the first option. His only saving grace, however, is that Karjat is well connected to the city by local trains that run frequently, and a small house can be bought for Rs 5 lakh.
While Makhija  has to spend  six hours a day commuting  everyday,  Pankaj Kapoor, MD at realty research firm Liasas Foras, says  a low-income housing scheme only works best when affordability and habitation needs go hand-in-hand. Most of the people opting for low-cost housing work in the city, but projects are coming up outside the city. There  are no incentives to move out of the city, in terms of facilities like schools, hospitals etc. “These are nothing but ghost townships,” he argues.
Kapoor adds that there are hardly any genuine buyers because these areas are not habitable and developers have failed to make community housing possible as the net intensity of life is still only in the MMR region.Take the case of Rashmi Housing in Naigon which is offering one-bhks at Rs 450 a square foot. Even though the project boasts of a 47 percent price appreciation in the past two years, according to Monitor Inclusive Market, the overall area is not developed with smaller roads being almost non-existent.
The only solution is if government and state agencies take up the matter in their own hands and build sound infrastructure along with housing units to support sustainable living.
Which is perhaps why others who faced Makhija’s dilemma opted instead to live like squatters in the city and pay much more for basic amenities like water, power and sanitation, but hoping that they will benefit from the next slum rehabiliation plan.)
According to an EPW article by Shirish B Patel,  81 police inspectors and 4,413 police constables live in slums in Mumabi  “There could be no more glaring instance of the city providing perfectly legal jobs – in this case the job holders are officers of the law – and at the same time providing no place for them to stay,” he argues.
The Planning Commission has pegged the total shortage of dwelling units in urban India at  26.53 million with low-income households and the poor facing the maximum brunt. But the affordable model’ has been all but abandoned because there is a fundamental infrastructure and structural problem in Mumbai. The real shortage of land has been further exacerbated artificially by poorly conceived central, state and municipal regulations. “By excessively controlling construction in centrally  located areas and by making land recycling difficult, some  regulations tend to push urban development towards  the periphery,” says Ashutosh Limaye, head research, Jones Lang Laselle. ”Strict regulations, when not implemented correctly, lead to rampant  corruption as there are multiple stakeholders with large stakes in  real estate development.”
This was especially true in the National Textile Corporation mill deals in Mumbai in 2005: NTC sold its five mill land parcels at record rates to realty majors such as DLF, Indiabulls, Lodha and Kohinoor group triggering a ripple effect that struck at the very base of housing affordability. Given the prices at which mill land deals took place,  no project was viable, said Kapoor. “Some even  raked in a profit by getting the government to increase the FSI in specific cases. However they effectively jacked up property prices across Mumbai, which ultimately drove people to peripheral areas such as Kalyan-Dombivli, Vasai-Virar and Mira-Bhayander,” he added.
Patel says in his EPW article that “past chief ministers have withheld signing orders pertaining to urban development until the contents had first been run past a builder friend.  Not all of them will want more land on the market to enable more affordable housing – whether it is salt pan lands or Port Trust lands or any other.”
And it is this politician-builder nexus that has prevented the development of the Mumbai Trans Harbour Link, a  22-km freeway-grade road-bridge  that is set to begin in Sewri, South Mumbai, crossing Thane Creek north of Elephanta Island and end at Nhava Sheva.  The state government cites paucity of funds as the reason for delaying the project, but the link would  cut travel time to just 20 minutes, opening up surplus land, which would will bring down Mumbai property prices.
The problem that inhibits affordable housing cannot be tackled by developers alone. Unless the government fast-tracks sound, people-oriented policies and  engages citizens in discussions at various stages of the preparation of plans and guidelines, it cannot be solved. Secondly, “slum-related policies should focus on providing infrastructure to existing slums and implementing measures that restrict the densification of slums as well as the formation of new settlements,” said Gandhi in his report. This can only be done if Mhada takes the responsibility of at least  60-70 percent of the rehabilitation  and ensures low-income buyers are not squeezed  out by the better informed investor class.

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MN Laksham Veedu

[one hundred thousand houses-10,00,00- for poor was a  Kerala government project successfully completed in 1972.Maharashtra government is not pro poor,may be  because of corruption]

One lakh house scheme was a model scheme implemented under M.N. Govindan Nair, Housing Minister in the 1972 Achutha Menon Ministry. After 36 years  the present condition of most of the houses so constructed are very pathetic mainly because of three decades of aging without routine repairs and maintenance, Government vide GO(MS)57/2004/Hsg dt.26/11/04 sanctioned ,  a scheme for the reconstruction of these houses

Renovation of One Lakh Housing Scheme (MNOLHS)

Under the new scheme, which is named “MN Lakshamveedu Punar Nirmana Padhathi”, reconstruction of dilapidated twin houses into single units and reconstruction of single houses will be implemented through the Board for an estimated cost of Rs.50,000/-.  The Government Subsidy will be 25,000/- for General Category, 37500 for SC Category and Rs.50,000 for ST Category and the balance amount shall be met by the Local Bodies / Voluntary Organizations/Philanthropic Individuals.  Government sanction received.  14992 applications received and submitted to the Board for approval and 8326 applications has been   approved by the Board on        26-6-08.  In the One Lakh Houses Renovation Scheme for 2004-05, 1926 houses has been completed till date and Rs.388.60 lakhs has been disbursed.  A One Day workshop has been conducted in Trivandrum on 10/7/08 which was inaugurated  by the Hon. Minister for Housing for the formulation of guidelines for  this scheme.The State Government have only Rs.28 Crores as against the total requirement of Rs.178 Crores towards subsidy in which 17 Crores already released.

A scheme to renovate these houses at the cost of Rs. 50,000 each. Rs. 25000 as subsidy and Rs. 25000 as contribution from Panchayats/NGOs etc.  for common categories 75 percent of the amount as subsidy for SC and 100 percent as subsidy for ST) is being implemented. Government has set apart the income from Vishu Bumper Lottery for this purpose.Rs.5 Crores  allotted in the State Budget 2008-09 and Rs.6 Crores collected  from the Vishu Bumper Lottery