Lord Curzon Viceroy of India (1899–1905)
In January 1899 he was appointed Viceroy of India. As such he was ex officio Grand Master of the Order of the Indian Empire and Order of the Star of India. This peerage was created in the Peerage of Ireland (the last so created) so that he would be free, until his father’s death, to re-enter the House of Commons on his return to Britain.
Reaching India shortly after the suppression of the frontier risings of 1897–98, he paid special attention to the independent tribes of the north-west frontier, inaugurated a new province called the North West Frontier Province, and pursued a policy of forceful control mingled with conciliation. The only major armed outbreak on this frontier during the period of his administration was the Mahsud–Waziri campaign of 1901.
In the context of the Great Game between the British and Russian Empires for control of Central Asia, he held deep mistrust of Russian intentions. This led him to encourage British trade in Persia, and he paid a visit to the Persian Gulf in 1903. Curzon argued for an exclusive British presence in the Gulf, a policy originally proposed by John Malcolm. The British government was already making agreements with local sheiks/tribal leaders along the Persian Gulf coast to this end. Curzon had convinced his government to establish Britain as the unofficial protector of Kuwait with the Anglo-Kuwaiti Agreement of 1899. The Lansdowne Declaration in 1903 stated that the British would counter any other European power’s attempt to establish a military presence in the Gulf. Only four years later this position was abandoned and the Persian Gulf declared a neutral zone in the Anglo-Russian Agreement of 1907, prompted in part by the high economic cost of defending India from Russian advances.
At the end of 1903, Curzon sent a British expedition to Tibet under Francis Younghusband, ostensibly to forestall a Russian advance. After bloody conflicts with Tibet‘s poorly armed defenders, the mission penetrated to Lhasa, where the Treaty of Lhasa was signed in September 1904.
During his tenure, Curzon undertook the restoration of the Taj Mahal and expressed satisfaction that he had done so.
Within India, Curzon appointed a number of commissions to inquire into education, irrigation, police and other branches of administration, on whose reports legislation was based during his second term of office as viceroy. Reappointed Governor-General in August 1904, he presided over the 1905 partition of Bengal, which roused such bitter opposition among the people of the province that it was later revoked (1911)
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Monday, May 23, 2016
History of Government House in Bombay {official residence of the Governor} 1700 - 2016
'Parell. The Government House, Bombay'. Lithograph by Day & Son from Sir Harry Darrell's China, India and the Cape London, 1852. Proof.
Image courtesy of the British Library | All Rights Reserved
'Parell. The Government House, Bombay'
Lithograph of the Government House in the Fort in Bombay by Jose M. Gonsalves (fl. 1826-c.1842). Plate 2 from his 'Lithographic Views of Bombay' published in Bombay in 1826. Gonsalves, thought to be of Goan origin, was one of the first artists to practice lithography in Bombay and specialised in topographical views of the city.
The location of the Government House in Bombay changed several times. Originally, the Government House was located in Bombay Castle.
The second Government House, shown in this view, was situated in the fort area on Apollo Street and functioned as the official residence of the Governor until 1829.
below:- Apollo street of Bombay fort
Scotch Church, Court-House, and entrance to the Dock-Yard [Bombay].--Photographer: Scott, Charles Medium: Photographic print Date: 1850--
THE ICE HOUSE NEXT TO THE CHURCH (DOMED STRUCTURE);WHERE ICE IMPORTED BY SHIP WAS STORED;TILL ICE MAKING WAS DISCOVERED ;NEXT BUILDING IS LAW COURT
Photograph from 'Views in the island of Bombay' by Charles Scott,1850s. This is a view looking north along Apollo Street from the Apollo Gate towards the dockyards entrance on the right. The Scotch Church stands in the left foreground, with Hornby House beyond. The classic Georgian style Saint Andrew's or Scotch Kirk was completed in 1819. Hornby House, which initially began as a residence to the Governor Hornby, served as the Law Court until the late 1870s when it became the Great Western Hotel. Between this building and the church, stands the domed Ice-House, erected by subscription in 1843 for the consignments of ice which were imported regularly and sold to the public. When ice began to be manufactured in Bombay the Ice-House lost its purpose and was used as a godown until it was demolished years later.
A PALKHI WALA (PALANQUIN CARRIER)CAN BE SEEN SITTING NEXT TO THE PALKHI ;NEAR CHURCH STEPS.THE ROAD LEADS TO THE 'CHURCH GATE' OF THE BOMBAY FORT WALL
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| Apollo Gate, Bombay. 1833 below:- The third Government House at Parel had already been used as a Country retreat for the Governor from 1719. |
The third Government House at Parel had already been used as a Country retreat for the Governor from 1719. Day & Son from Sir Harry Darrell's China, India and the Cape London, 1852. Proof. >
'Parell. The Government House, Bombay'. Lithograph by Day & Son from Sir Harry Darrell's China, India and the Cape London, 1852. Proof.
'Parell. The Government House, Bombay'. Lithograph by Day & Son from Sir Harry Darrell's China, India and the Cape London, 1852. Proof.
Image courtesy of the British Library | All Rights Reserved
'Parell. The Government House, Bombay'
'Parell. The Government House, Bombay'. Lithograph by Day & Son from Sir Harry Darrell's China, India and the Cape London, 1852. Proof.
Image courtesy of the British Library | All Rights Reserved
In the 1880s, the location of the Government House was moved once again to Malabar Point.
Below:- government house at malabar hill 1850's
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