Friday, February 20, 2009

BOMBAY FIRSTS 19 TH CENTURY:-FIRST DENTIST,1822,FIRST HOUSE LIGHTED WITH GAS AT MAZGAON CURSETJEE'S 1833,FIRST SHIP CARRYING ICE FROM BOSTON 1836,ETC




The first dentist in Bombay was a lady — Clara Rainitz
from Cairo and Constantinople : " Professes to clean the teeth and plug them up, extracts, and fixes new ones."

In the same advertisement her husband professes to paint the interior of houses this in 1822.

Before 1850 Dr. Hugh Miller, an eminent dentist, had established himself in Rampart Row. He left £10,000 to the Bombay Medical Mission.

The first attempt 'at the relief of the poor was in 1831, the groundwork of the District Benevolent Society.

The first house lighted with gas was that of Ardaseer Cursetjee, son of Cursetjee Rustomjee, Mazagon, in 1833

. Poets broke into rapture when the first ice-ship arrived from Boston in 1836, and the coolies who carried it on shore said it scalded their backs.

The first artificial ice came about 1877.

The first exhibition of electric light was before Lord and Lady Falkland, in the Town Hall, in 1847.

When the gas-lamps

were first lighted on the streets several natives felt the pillars to discover if they were warm, and crowds collected to take their turn to climb up the lamp-posts to discover how the light was made

. The first weaving company started about 1854,

The first telegram was sent to England early in 1865




.                                                                     Smoking,

. In regard to smoking, a remark made to me in 1850 by one who had been in Egypt in 1801, and in Bombay in 1817, crops up. "In my young days," said he, "young men did not wear shooting-coats or smoke cigars.

" My earliest notice of cigar smoking in India is of Madras in 1829. '

* Some are to be seen lolling in their buggies and enjoying their evening drive on the beach, pufifing away with the greatest nonchalance possible, while others on horseback or palanquin


are to be seen amusing them- selves in a similar way." From the acerbity of a Bombay paper in the following paragraph it would seem that smoking in public had not made much progress down to 1856,

the date of this Bombay blast against tobacco. " Several young men light their cheroots 


as soon as the dark of evening is sufficient to prevent a full recognition of their persons and veil their im- pertinence. The police ought to extinguish this nuisance at the bandstand."

In Calcutta, smoking at the bandstand was not. allowed.

In Bombay I cannot remember European cigarettes much before 1870.

The native here dies are, no doubt, of unknown antiquity

and may be the origin of our cigarettes. One of the greatest factors of social enjoyment is exercise of the body,

and this includes boating, riding, walking, and every- thing of an athletic nature


. The man who walks or rides, or makes daily use of his muscles, is, cctteris paribus, a better companion than he who neglects his physical


Bombay Courier, 8 June 1822

Resource Type:Newspaper
Year/Date of Publication:1822-06-08
Publisher:Bombay Courier
Place of Publication:Bombay
Language:English
Pages/Folios:12
Identifier:NP_BCOU_18220608
Digitization Sponsor:Government of Maharashtra


............................................................................................................


chat with chat gpt on first dentist bombay

found contemporary historical sources that quote the text of Clara Rainitz’s newspaper advertisement — though no exact image/scan of the original newspaper page appears to be online in indexed archives right now.

Here’s the best verified reconstruction based on historical references:

📰 Quoted Advertisement Text (from early Bombay history sources)

According to Glimpses of Old Bombay and Western India (and referenced in academic analyses of early colonial medicine):

“The first dentist in Bombay was a lady — Clara Rainitz, from Cairo and Constantinople:
‘Professes to clean the teeth and plug them up, extracts, and fixes new ones.’
In the same advertisement her husband professes to paint the interiors of houses!”

Another scholarly source notes essentially the same wording but cites the year 1822 as when the ad appeared:

In her advertisement in 1822, she “professes to clean the teeth and plug them up, extracts and fixes new ones”; the ad also mentions her husband as a house interior painter.

📌 Both these references come from Glimpses of Old Bombay and Western India, a historical compilation that reproduces early 19th-century advertising content.


📍 Why a scan isn’t showing up online

  • Most early Bombay newspapers (~1820–1822) like Bombay Courier or Bombay Gazette are not fully digitized in public search indexes.

  • Scans that do exist are often in library archives, microfilm collections, or private repositories, and not easily searchable by OCR (text).

  • Historical books sometimes include such ads as quotations or reproductions, without showing the original images online.

So at present, no indexed online source provides a visual scan of that original ad — but the quoted text is widely cited.


🖼️ What you can use on your blog

Since the original scanned image isn’t publicly accessible via open search right now, you can quote the ad text with a proper citation like this:

“The first dentist in Bombay was a lady — Clara Rainitz, from Cairo and Constantinople: ‘Professes to clean the teeth and plug them up, extracts, and fixes new ones.’ In the same advertisement her husband professes to paint the interiors of houses.”
 Glimpses of Old Bombay and Western India (historical compilation).

This gives your readers an accurate primary-source reproduction of the wording.


📌 Optional: How to locate the original newspaper page

If you want the actual scan or photo of the 1820s ad, you could try contacting one of these archives:

  1. Asiatic Society of Mumbai Library (Horniman Circle)
    – Has bound volumes of early Bombay newspapers.

  2. Maharashtra State Archives, Fort, Mumbai
    – Maintains colonial newspaper collections.

  3. British Library — India Office Records (London)
    – Holds microfilms/digital files of early Bombay press.







old Bombay and western India ...



Internet Archive
archive.org › texts
Glimpses of old Bombay and western Indiawith other papers : Douglas, James, 1826-1904 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive
Evidence reported by judyjordan for item glimpsesofoldbom00dougrich on February 2, 2008: no visible notice of copyright; stated date is 1900.
Author  
Published   1900
Pages   364
🌐








Thursday, February 19, 2009

1800'S BOMBAY NEWS (6 TH POST)

<1804 map of india " The Fighting Doctor." Artillery Mess, Madras. — During dinner, a note is handed to Dr. Wyllie, who rises abruptly, begging to be excused. Commanding officer to tlie Doctor, in a low voice, as he is taking his departure : " I hope, Doctor, there is nothing M'rong ? " " Naething pertikler. Mrs. Smith has a wee touch of coalara morehus. We'll gae her a peel, and she'll sure be a' richt the morn." This, no doubt, to put the party off the scent, as it was announced next morning that Mrs. S. had been safely delivered of a son I Next evening, as the dinner party were unfolding their table napkins, the Colonel, with a twinkle in his eye and full of humour, reconnoitred the sapient son of Esculapius thus, in the Doctor's accent: "Any more cases of coalara morehus, Dr. Wyll Education. The following advertisement, dated February 18th, 1811, and signed John Forbes, we give, because it illustrates three things : (1st) that Bombay did not confine its benefactions to local schemes (the subscriptions to this one already amounted to Rs. 7,224) ; (2nd) that the Forbeses had already produced a strong Aberdonian feeling of clanship in the island ; (3rd) that the schoolmaster was abroad : — "Aberdeen Society, for the benefit of children of deceased clergymen of the professors in the University of Scotland." Some of the confusion here may be owing to the printer's devil. Charles Forbes's speeches in the India House, and his Bombay letters, are models of perspicuous English, Manockjee Cursetjee, who must have been at school about this time, had a fair education, which enabled him to hold forth to kings, and even to the Pope. I asked him about his teacher. His reply that he was a Mr. Mackay in Mr. Joliffe's school, near St. Thomas's Church, though of date 1822, shows that there was good education in Bombay about this period.
















1800 BOMBAY :-FAMINE,BUILDING CHURCH,INDIAN'S PUZZLED BY BLACK MARBLE STATUE OF PRINCE AND WHITE MARBLE STATUE OF QUEEN,




















WHITE MARBLE STATUE OF THE QUEEN(VICTORIA)



















EDWARD EIGHT (BLACK MARBLE)














LORD CORNWALLIS BRITISH GOVERNOR GENERAL OF INDIA

















SIR EVAN NEPEAN GOVERNOR BOMBAY 1812-1819











Tanna, is the outpost of British dominion(PRESENT DAY THANA )
THANA FORT 
He found Bombay, as he says him- self, " a desert " ; but, all unconscious of the fact, he made it blossom as the rose. A silent revolution was going on in this decade, much of which was due, no doubt, to Mackintosh

I803. — During the famine, in the village at the top of the


 Ghauts (Khandala ?), 1110 dead bodies were seen lying, some of them at the door of their own houses

Also note a birth announced in Vaux's tomb, near Surat. It is roomy enough to live in, but a birth in a tomb is unique, at all events in prose.


 In Scott's Lady of the Lake we have Brian — " Bred Between the living and the dead."

Church and Kirk — Religious and Philanthropic enterprise — Marriages, births and deaths
Om June 19th, 1715, Cobbe preached a sermon m furtherance of building a church in Bombay, which fired the zeal of the community.
After the sermon he waited on Governor Aislabie, and here is Dr. Cobbe's own account of the interview : — " Well, Doctor, you have been very zealous for the church this morning."
" Please, your Honour, there was occasion enough for it, and I hope without offence."
" Well, then, if we must have a church, we will have a church. Do you see and get a book made, and see what everyone will contribute towards it, and I will give first."

The Governor subscribed Rs. 1,000, leaving a blank for the Company's subscription, which was afterwards filled in with Rs. 10,000. The church was erected and opened in 1718.


 very little change was made in its internal economy, and the pews and seats remained unaltered for a hundred years.

In 1818, exactly a century after the church had been opened for the first time, the pews were altered, and new chairs set down. Being entirely re-seated, the interior presented quite a different aspect, was much more comfortable for the worshippers, and more seemly for a house of God, inasmuch as some invidious distinctions between the well-to-do and common people had been abolished. On Christmas day, 1818, it was re-opened with considerable eclat, when Archdeacon Barnes preached a splendid sermon. It was announced that Divine service would be held at 10 A.M. and 4 p.m. every Sunday. .

The Kirk. St. Andrew's Scotch Kirk, near the Apollo Gate,



 was opened for public worship on April 25th, 1819. The Key. James Clow preached a sermon, and his text, taken from Nehemiah, was — " And we will not forsake the house of our God." The Church as a body was in existence some years before this, and its beginning was in this wise.

A small advertise- ment, in the most conspicuous part of the paper, appeared in the Bomhay , Courier : — " Card. " Divine Service, according to the forms of the Church of Scotland, will be performed next Lord's Day in the Mess hall of the King's Barracks at 10 a.m. Government House, November 15th, 1815. "James Clow." Mr. Clow, no doubt, was a guest of the Governor. Here, then, in the barracks, for two Sundays, Divine Service was holden. But the place was found too noisy and otherwise unsuitable

After this the church services were held in the Court House, where, on week-days, the Criminal Sessions took place, now (1893) the dining-room of the Great Western Hotel.

 There was to be no excuse for want of psalm books, for Baxter and Co. advertise that they had received a supply — " In Methe : Translated and diligently compared with The Original Text, More plain, smooth and agreeable to the text than any heretofore allowed by the authority ot the General Assembly of the Kirk of Scotland, and appointed to be sung in congregations and families. Pkinted by Authority."

Between 1815 and 1819 the congregation had not been idle, for I read that on February 4th, 1816, after Divine Service, the following gentlemen were ordained elders of the Scotch Church : — John Stewart, Hugh Stewart, John Taylor, M.D., and William Erskine. Erskine was Sir James Mackiu- tosh's son-in-law, now, or shortly after, Master in Equity, and known in future years as the author of the Life of Babcr and other works.

There had been great difficulties about a spire. The "powers that be" (Sir Evan Nepean, Governor, 1812 to 1819) objected to a spire. The mattar had to go to the India House, and two years elapsed before authority was obtained to erect one. These were the days before the Queen worshipped in Crathie Kirk. At length the spire was finished. It was a groat boon to the master-mariner, for it competed with the tall brab trees on the Castle bastion as a guide into Bombay harbour. The spire, like most Scotchmen in their early years, had a hard time of it, and in its upbuilding was a type of the progress of religious liberty, which, after getting man)- hard blows and knocks, still points the way to heaven.

One night, in the year 1826, it was shivered to pieces by lightning,
and so its troubles were not yet over. Its enemies, of course, said that its promoters were punished for their audacity. The promoters treated the matter as a secondary consideration, compared with previous obstructions.
Like Ajax, they could defy the lightning, but they dared not defy the India House. The Kirk's motto is nee tanien consumebatar ;
so they built another Spire, which remains to this day, unscathed by man or the violence of the elements.

Mr. Clow's portrait still hangs in the vestry. About thirty years ago the native servants were beginning to hold it in such veneration as to do pooja to it, a proceeding, of course, most abhorrent to the feelings of the then padre — Cook or Macpher- son. A white sheet was hung over the portrait, which exor- cised the evil spirit, and put an end to the worship of the dead.

I read that in 1852




 an organ was in use in the Bombay Kirk.*



 The Calcutta Scotch Kirk had one so far back as 1818 —


Liix ex Oriente, of which Scotland has tardily availed itself. The apotheosis of Englishmen by natives of India is a curious subject. "We all remember Nicolseyn and his saints. I am certain the natives will be doing pooja to Sir Albert * April lOlh, 1852,. £500 raised for organ, which was in due course sent out from England. — it. Andrew's Sesbiou

Sassoon's equestrian statue of the Prince of Wales in another generation. Look at that statue almost any time of the day you' like, and you will see a group gazing at it. They are much exercised to understand

Statue of Queen Victoria, Bombay
Statue of Queen Victoria, Bombay


why the Queen's statue is white (marble)




photo

Kala Ghoda Statue.JPG



and the Prince's black (bronze) !

NATIVES (INDIANS) WORSHIPPING PHOTOS AND STATUES

I notice that Colonel Wallace's tomb at Siroor was, as early as 1818, decked with flowers. In 1840, when Nesbit was there, they were praying to his ghost, and the worship may still exist

. There is the very fine monument, in the Elphinstone Circle, to Cornwallis.


 Go when you will, you will see flowers placed on the open book, or garlands on the figures. This is not a new custom. In 1825 it was thought by the natives to be a place of religious worship, and they called it Chota Dewal.

Govern ment tried to stop this, and issued some vernacular notices that it was a mistake. But it was of no use, for when these feelings take possession of the natives they are not easily eradicated