[PART-1Ahttp://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/09/1a-bombaymumbai-taxi-1850-to-2001-also_3982.html
[PART-1Bhttp://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/09/1-b-bombaymumbai-taxi-1850-to-2001-also.html
PART-2]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/04/glimpses-of-ol-bombay-and-western.html
[PART-3]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/04/glimpses-of-old-bombay-and-western_02.html
[PART-4]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/04/4glimpses-of-old-bombay-and-western.htm
[PART-6]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/04/6.html
[PART-7]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/04/6-glimpses-of-old-bombay-and-western.html
[PART-8]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/04/7.htm
[PART-9]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/04/first-anglo-maratha-war-was-first-of.html
[PART 10]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/06/bombay-history-of-cinema-1896-and.html
[part11]http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/06/indian-modes-of-irrigation1874-elephant.html
[PART12] MAPS OF BOMBAY 1843 TO 1954http://oldphotosbombay.blogspot.com/2011/06/maps-of-mumbai-bombay.html
6 DEDICATED TO THE FIRST CITY-MUMBAI-[BOMBAY] ;OF INDIA.part-6 OF 12
Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers (1900)
DELAY OF DAK POST,TRAVEL DIFFICULTIES,DACOITY OF POST AT PAREL,TIGER ATTACK POST AT SALCETTE(VASAI)BULLOCK CARTS,PALKIS,HORSE OMNIBUSES,BUGGIES,TRAMS
 |
the steamer generally took three hours from the time she was signalled until she was anchored, and three hours more were required to sort the letters.
The transport of the mails before this throughout India was generally done by dak-runners, who ran three koss, or six miles, with the mail bags, and had often to cross swollen rivers.
In 1810 the mail to the north was robbed by a gang of persons on Parell road.
 |
| parel government house |
From 1816 to 1821 the Calcutta dak to Bombay, 1,300 miles, took eighteen and a half days, which was reduced in 1824 to twelve days seven and a half hours, and this was thought extraordinarily quick.
The arrival of the Calcutta mail was always a source of general interest, for, from the condition in which the letters arrived, was judged what the weather was in the interior.
Absolutely,, this was all people then had in place of our elaborate daily telegraphic weather reports.
The corre- spondence with Calcutta was limited.
In 1826 the mail was lost between Calcutta and Nagpore. It consisted of only fortyfive letters.
In 1826 the mail was lost between Calcutta and Nagpore. It consisted of only fortyfive letters.
In 1833 the Surat dak-tapal was drowned,
and in 1850 a mail gharry in Salsette was bowled over by a tiger,
| Caption | The Post Palanquin of India. Illustration for Chatterbox, 1870. |
|---|---|
| Creator | English School (19th century) |
| Artwork medium | engraving (digitally cleaned) |
| Credit | Look and Learn |
| Search stock images by keyword | Post Palanquin India Litters All Nations Post Palanquin of India |
![Bombay Photo Images[ Mumbai]: BOMBAY TO CALCUTTA 1825.1,400 miles in 25 DAYS, IN A PALANQUIN ,AMONG TIGERS AND DACOITS [.travelogue of 1845]](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEgRDrJZ1U1qJLNEP-tGlYPCOxwJ2k5E4VlJ2M_rLhrgH784z-s54loaLQMQL79e1__Bq-zg2Sc53sV0Uhyphenhyphen8tP5wCWOTm9EhAXFDu1YxWRRDZXg96BUtA-AaoiX9DXA4U24zVW_J4NeOXDNjaHhRtkCM0ZWEgvU5PQ_u97D-bSN6ZhXyQ0UMCrtNs895AzUSq_sUv1o0CMSQ8MPKJQ0=)
1500 × 1187Bombay Photo Images[ Mumbai]
![Bombay Photo Images[ Mumbai]: History ...](https://www.google.com/imgres?q=BOMBAY%20TO%20CALCUTTA%20iN%20%20PALANQUIN%201850&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fblogger.googleusercontent.com%2Fimg%2Fb%2FR29vZ2xl%2FAVvXsEiWQR3KfNYaxg4t-PUGP94CxPU5vrhn_GqkXiNf5Qdaw7exHeqatUzV-Dv4AVnpSt44cDwDeq5ikfWRRyTa-cZIqyBjzIeK7k7653AzNgFZ0XnleRbXbCWJalIWvmcsQZRq_FLXFnk5Vq_r%2Fs1600%2FApollo%2BGate%25252C%2BBombay.%2B1833.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Foldphotosbombay.blogspot.com%2F2016%2F05%2Fhistory-of-government-house-in-bombay.html&docid=JOmPD85iigzuiM&tbnid=nMqWc5LvYC_5eM&vet=12ahUKEwjymsmUkPOPAxURbmwGHfCeOKQQM3oECCMQAA..i&w=976&h=661&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwjymsmUkPOPAxURbmwGHfCeOKQQM3oECCMQAA)
.
A gharry in India, 1860s |
Stamp: Dawk Gharry, 1842 (India) (India ...
And on one occasion, before 1843, her Majesty's mails were lost in a buggalow eighty miles from Aden, but were recovered, though much saturated.
Buggalow ship of adenA gharry in India, 1860s |
Product
%20(India%20...%0D%0Acolnect.com%20%C2%B7%20In%20stock%0D%0A&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fm.media-amazon.com%2Fimages%2FI%2F51LkaZnBSiL._AC_SY350_QL15_.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.in%2F-%2Fhi%2FSTAMPEX-Isc-%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B6-%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE-1882-1902%2Fdp%2FB0CH4TP38N&docid=N49Qz3sLE4kOwM&tbnid=w_6abf0QR9_iXM&vet=12ahUKEwiLp6rJjvOPAxXeyjgGHdxLIW4QM3oECBYQAA..i&w=459&h=350&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwiLp6rJjvOPAxXeyjgGHdxLIW4QM3oECBYQAA)
%20(India%20...%0D%0Acolnect.com%20%C2%B7%20In%20stock%0D%0A&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fimg.theweek.in%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fweek%2Fleisure%2Flifestyle%2Fimages%2F2018%2F10%2F26%2Fstamps.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theweek.in%2Fleisure%2Flifestyle%2F2018%2F10%2F26%2Fevery-stamp-tells-a-story-philatelic-exhibition.html&docid=c98rr6xw3h8rHM&tbnid=tUQZ4Jv699_BgM&vet=12ahUKEwiLp6rJjvOPAxXeyjgGHdxLIW4QM3oECBUQAA..i&w=760&h=443&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwiLp6rJjvOPAxXeyjgGHdxLIW4QM3oECBUQAA)
%20(India%20...%0D%0Acolnect.com%20%C2%B7%20In%20stock%0D%0A&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stampbay.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FD051542.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stampbay.com%2Fproduct%2Findia-1852-scinde-dawk-a-white-cut-square-margins-on-three-sides-f%2F&docid=QEUJtSVDyJ2lLM&tbnid=JxyX8FSe9VoQKM&vet=12ahUKEwiLp6rJjvOPAxXeyjgGHdxLIW4QM3oECBQQAA..i&w=1500&h=1495&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwiLp6rJjvOPAxXeyjgGHdxLIW4QM3oECBQQAA)
%20(India%20...%0D%0Acolnect.com%20%C2%B7%20In%20stock%0D%0A&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fmyindiamint.com%2Fcdn%2Fshop%2Fproducts%2F19v_poor_1_580x.jpg%3Fv%3D1630481696&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fmyindiamint.com%2Fproducts%2Findia-1949-definitive-1st-series-19v-set-mnh-indian-condition&docid=WBmDIKRMwbe_wM&tbnid=TlTlz-Lz0PSYnM&vet=12ahUKEwiLp6rJjvOPAxXeyjgGHdxLIW4QM3oECCAQAA..i&w=580&h=532&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwiLp6rJjvOPAxXeyjgGHdxLIW4QM3oECCAQAA)
And on one occasion, before 1843, her Majesty's mails were lost in a buggalow eighty miles from Aden, but were recovered, though much saturated.
In 1853 the postage on a daily paper for a moderate distance in India was Rs. 50 per annum. In 1859 first-class fare, Southampton to London, was reduced from £95 to £85
grandhotelsegypt.com
. People who came in the vans or omnibuses from Cairo to Suez in the " fifties " did not soon forget it. They were well horsed, but the road was a caution — mounds of sand and gravel.
We had a bi-monthly mail in 1845. In 1860, July 6th, fortnightly mails commenced.
In 1868, March 23rd, " we are now hourly expecting our first weekly mail."
Carriages. We will now speak of carriages.
A barouche, a carriage of German origin which was introduced into England in the 1760s
A coach and six
.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meisterdrucke.ie%2Ffine-art-prints%2FThomas-Rowlandson%2F773788%2FCoach-and-Six%2C-1907.html&docid=GrYVXxEbc8VsNM&tbnid=6vpjt8eknNnTMM&vet=12ahUKEwjU7-2AjfOPAxVNV2wGHTI4HkoQM3oECBgQAA..i&w=400&h=281&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwjU7-2AjfOPAxVNV2wGHTI4HkoQM3oECBgQAA)
&docid=zPK7dAQ9nYfvPM&tbnid=Mn2iJCOnjzI9zM&vet=12ahUKEwjU7-2AjfOPAxVNV2wGHTI4HkoQM3oECB4QAA..i&w=1200&h=1128&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwjU7-2AjfOPAxVNV2wGHTI4HkoQM3oECB4QAA)
bullock gharries
were quite fashionable in the end of last century, and Mr. Vaupell of the High Court, until he died in 1852, used to delight in driving a pair of fast-trotting oxen from Bandora to the Fort daily.
In Qui Hi's last journey to Padre Burrough's Godown (1814), the tattered and lugubrious hearse is depicted as drawn by oxen. But carriages soon began to prevail.
In 1821 Mr. Mitchell advertises that he will not do any business in coach-building except for ready-money, so the demand had exceeded the supply on credit.
The Modern Idol Jaggernaut
In 1824 Mr. Lewis Collett advertises that he will continue the coach- making business of Mr. John Mitchell, and soon Collett's equipages were in the language of the day " all the go.
" For business locomotion the palky was everywhere,
but the last specimen in Bombay will soon, like the sedan chairs of our great-grandmothers, be relegated to the museum of antiquities.
but the last specimen in Bombay will soon, like the sedan chairs of our great-grandmothers, be relegated to the museum of antiquities.
1 am sure the Esplanade was never so crowded with fashionable equipages as it was in the season of 1865.
It was a perfect carnival. Steamers
were then coming with sometimes a million sterling of bar silver, an instalment of the eighty millions of profits which were said to have been
were then coming with sometimes a million sterling of bar silver, an instalment of the eighty millions of profits which were said to have been
made by Bombay traders during the American cotton famine, and the display of wealth did not seem out of proportion to the means of that period of exaltation.
These were the days when bungalows were wanted at Rs. 500, and Altamont was let at Rs. 1,000 a month.
It would be impossible in a sketch like this to chronicle even the names that were borne by the vehicles of this century, and which prevailed at different periods.
In the few years which succeeded 1818 we read of chariots,
Bengal-built dennets, coaches,
barouches,
shigrampos,
curricles,
Curricles, gigs and phaetons in the Regency
buggies,
1900 BUGGY HORSE-DRAWN BUGGY
Horse and buggy - Wikipedia
tilburys,
sociables, landaulets
, britzskas
and clarences.
Bengal-built dennets, coaches,
barouches,
shigrampos,
![Bombay Photo Images[ Mumbai]: 04/01 ...](https://www.google.com/imgres?q=shigrampos%2C%20carriage&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fblogger.googleusercontent.com%2Fimg%2Fb%2FR29vZ2xl%2FAVvXsEh_SnU6iUHg60ssLoeYF9rvy_ST-7AiBaQoo-1qFw1PDRpEgao1ZYwc3wR3eACzQN79xXF80vro9K4a6jgY7ukBtO39DxEEYPCs1BWz0yxUM-fRNT5y1Ddra7UNGUD8W8dLHWEc4e9fFic%2Fs1600%2FHooded%2Bgig%2B-%2BArlington%2BCourt.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Foldphotosbombay.blogspot.com%2F2011%2F04%2F&docid=lLsA_FIXFkTRFM&tbnid=o0lmY7PAzUa6rM&vet=12ahUKEwiMndv0i_OPAxW6oGMGHX1dGPUQM3oECBYQAA..i&w=1600&h=1200&hcb=2&itg=1&ved=2ahUKEwiMndv0i_OPAxW6oGMGHX1dGPUQM3oECBYQAA)
![Bombay Photo Images[ Mumbai]: 04/01 ...](https://www.google.com/imgres?q=shigrampos%2C%20carriage&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fblogger.googleusercontent.com%2Fimg%2Fb%2FR29vZ2xl%2FAVvXsEgbTG8NW9LPmpJu8Ah5c5pxMRpbgdNDCJ99p_vYts3SINq-LEXy2D-ZjeWhiW7bUgDQTRK9tmnCyFHNxt9oV9Yx9s9f-pa4_iG6fIMGJpKP-n8kGXawysoqgURmh3O3Xb9hzajlAqS0N7aV%2Fs1600%2FTilbury%2B2.JPG&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Foldphotosbombay.blogspot.com%2F2011%2F04%2F&docid=lLsA_FIXFkTRFM&tbnid=Uiw7zRQOOnRGmM&vet=12ahUKEwiMndv0i_OPAxW6oGMGHX1dGPUQM3oECBgQAA..i&w=448&h=318&hcb=2&itg=1&ved=2ahUKEwiMndv0i_OPAxW6oGMGHX1dGPUQM3oECBgQAA)
curricles,
Curricles, gigs and phaetons in the Regency
regencyhistory.net
It is impossible to write a novel set in the late Georgian and Regency
periods without knowing something about carriages. Otherwise you might
send your hero driving around Hyde Park in the Georgian equivalent to a
Ford Galaxy when you really meant him to be driving a Ferrari!
What was the difference between a curricle and a phaeton?
Felton referred to a perch high phaeton rather than a high perch phaeton
which is the term I have heard before. This design was where the wheels
were very large, with the front wheel as much as five feet off the
ground and the rear wheel even higher at eight feet. The body of the
carriage sat right over the axle, above the front wheel. Both the
equipage and the person who drove it seem to have gained the nickname
high-flyer.
Middle-sized phaeton
Crane-neck middle-sized phaeton
One-horse phaeton
Felton wrote:
Felton wrote:
Sociable
Two-wheeled carriages
Speaking of two-wheeled carriages, Felton wrote:
A fixed or proper curricle
According to Felton:
Gigs
A gig was a light, two-wheeled carriage, driven by its owner, that was
normally drawn by a single horse. It only had room for the driver and a
single passenger though usually there was a small seat for the groom
behind the body. Some gigs had foldable heads (hoods) for protection
from the elements. These had side windows to enable the driver to have
some peripheral vision when it was up. A gig could also be called a
one-horse chaise.
In Northanger Abbey, Mr Thorpe has a one-horse gig rather than a curricle:
Jane Austen referred to her brothers James and Edward having chairs in
letters to her sister Cassandra. She may have been referring
specifically to a light chaise without door, quarter or back panels, but
I think it was more likely she just meant a light chaise.
In his glossary, Felton described a whiskey as:
Curricles, gigs and phaetons in the Regency
 |
| Ladies in a phaeton from Gallery of Fashion by Nikolaus von Heideloff (1794) |
I have already blogged about travelling chariots here: Travelling chariots. This post looks at that all-important question: what type of carriage would a fashionable gentleman be driving around Hyde Park in 1810 (when the novel I am working on is set)?
I had other questions too. What was the difference between a curricle
and a phaeton? And between a curricle and a gig? Were these terms hard
and fast, or were some of them used interchangeably? Would a fashionable
Regency gentleman have been more likely to drive a curricle, a gig or a
phaeton?
I have found the second volume of William Felton’s A Treatise on Carriages (1796)
particularly good at helping me to differentiate between the vehicles
in my mind – but his work also confirms that there is a lot of overlap.
 |
| A Dasher! Or the Road to Ruin in the West (5/11/1799) by T Rowlandson after GM Woodward published by R Ackermann |
The most obvious difference between these vehicles was the number of
wheels. Gigs, curricles, chaises, whiskeys and chairs all had two wheels
whilst phaetons had four.
Beyond this, the differences were the number of horses that usually pulled them, and the size and design of the vehicle.
Phaetons
Let’s start with the phaeton – a light, owner-driven carriage with four wheels.
&docid=axy6RJjZOhZylM&tbnid=EU_I8VQooeYtcM&vet=12ahUKEwjp4qLKi_OPAxWDyDgGHe3rFm4QM3oECBIQAA..i&w=640&h=480&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwjp4qLKi_OPAxWDyDgGHe3rFm4QM3oECBIQAA)
Felton wrote:
Phaetons, for some years, have deservedly been regarded as the most pleasant sort of carriage in use, as they contribute, more than any other, to health, amusement, and fashion, with the superior advantage of lightness, over every other sort of four-wheeled carriages, and are much safer, and more easy to ride in, than those of two wheels.1
There were two main designs – perch and crane-neck – and these came in a
variety of sizes and designs, some high off the ground and some low. A
phaeton could be driven by one horse, a pair of horses, or according to
some sources, four horses. If pulled by a pair, these might be driven in
tandem, with one horse behind the other, as opposed to next to each
other as in a normal pair. Some phaetons were drawn by ponies rather
than horses.
Felton compared the perch phaeton to the crane-neck:
The perch carriage is of the most simple construction, and considerably lighter than the crane-neck; and as the width of the streets in the metropolis gives every advantage to their use in turning, they are the most general. The crane-neck carriage has much the superiority for convenience and elegance, and every grand or state equipage is this way built; but the weight of the cranes, and the additional strength of materials necessary for their support, make them considerably heavier that the others; but their ease and safety in turning in narrow confined places, and also their strength, render them indispensably necessary for foreign countries.2
Perch high phaeton
 |
| Perch high phaeton from A Treatise on carriages by W Felton (1796) |
In Fanny Burney’s Evelina, Lord Orville drives a phaeton:
Lord Orville drove very slow, and so cautiously, that, notwithstanding the height of the phaeton, fear would have been ridiculous.3
Later, Evelina writes about a visit to Bath:
As I had never had an opportunity of seeing Bath, a party was formed last night for showing me that celebrated city; and this morning, after breakfast, we set out in three phaetons. Lady Louisa and Mrs Beaumont with Lord Merton; Mr Coverley, Mr Lovel, and Mrs Selwyn; and myself with Lord Orville.4
This suggests that some phaetons could comfortably accommodate three people.
In Fanny Burney’s Camilla, Mrs Arlbery drives a phaeton:
'Dear! if there is not Mrs Arlbery in a beautiful high phaeton!'5
Crane-neck phaeton
 |
| Crane-neck phaeton from A Treatise on carriages by W Felton (1796) |
Felton wrote:
Although there are no established rules for the size of phaetons, yet a proportion should be observed according to the size of the horses, whether fifteen, fourteen, or thirteen hands high; as the appearance of both ought to be conformable to each other, therefore a middling-sized phaeton, to the middling, or Galloway, sized horses, suits best; many persons are very partial to this size of equipage, being less formidable in the appearance than the high, and more elegant than the low, phaeton; from the moderate size of them, they are, in general, called ladies’ phaetons, are best adapted for their amusement.6
The seat is not set so high or far forward in this design.
Middle-sized perch phaeton
 |
| Middle-sized perch phaeton from A Treatise on carriages by W Felton (1796) |
 |
| Crane-neck middle-sized phaeton from A Treatise on carriages by W Felton (1796) |
Poney or one-horse phaeton (perch)
 |
| Poney or one-horse phaeton from A Treatise on carriages by W Felton (1796) |
A pair of ponies from twelve to thirteen hands high are about equal for draught with a horse of fifteen, and a phaeton of the same weight is equally adapted for either. He continued: Poney phaetons are pretty equipages, and are best adapted for parks only; for, by being so low, the passengers are much annoyed by the dust, if used on the turnpike roads; and one-horse phaetons, where one horse only is kept, are much to be preferred to any two-wheeled carriage for safety and ease, but are heavier in draught; to allow for that, it ought to be built as light as possible to be safe with.7
In Pride and Prejudice, Miss de Bourgh drives a low phaeton driven by a pair of ponies:
Miss de Bourgh … is perfectly amiable, and often condescends to drive by my humble abode in her little phaeton and ponies.8
Mrs Gardiner later suggests to Elizabeth that this is her preferred way of travelling around Pemberley:
A low phaeton, with a nice little pair of ponies, would be the very thing.9
Light one-horse or poney Berlin phaeton (crane-neck)
 |
| Light one-horse or poney Berlin phaeton from A Treatise on carriages by W Felton (1796) |
For a safe, light , simple, and cheap, four-wheeled phaeton, the Berlin is recommended in preference to any: it is a crane-neck carriage, with the body fixed thereon, at such a distance between the bearings as to be perfectly safe.10
 |
| George IV driving his low phaeton in Windsor Park from Memoirs of George IV by R Huish (1830) |
In his book, Carriages and Coaches, Straus wrote that a sociable was ‘merely a phaeton with a double or treble body.’11
Felton wrote that the sociable was so-called
… from the number of persons it is meant to carry at one time. They are intended for the pleasure of gentlemen to use in parks, or on little excursions with their families: they are also peculiarly convenient for the conveying of servants from one residence to another.12
 |
| Sociable from A Treatise on carriages by W Felton (1796) |
According to Felton, a two-wheeled carriage designed to be drawn by two
horses abreast was called a curricle; if designed for one horse, it was
called a chaise.
Straus referred to gigs, curricles and chaises in a slightly different way:
As a general rule it may be taken that when a gig had two horses it was called a curricle, and when there was only one, a chaise.13
 |
| Sir Gregory Gig from print by Bunbury (1782) from Carriages and Coaches by R Straus (1912) |
For lightness and simplicity two-wheeled carriages are preferable, but are less to be depended on for safety; the smallness of their price, and the difference of expence in the imposed duty, are the principal reasons for their being so generally used. They are not so pleasant to ride in as phaetons, as the motion of the carriage frequently gives uneasiness to the passengers. Not having the advantage of the fore wheels, they are neither so safe in their bearings, nor so easy to turn about with, and are therefore inconvenient where the turnings are narrow.14
Curricles
A curricle was a light, owner-driven carriage with two wheels designed
to be drawn by two horses abreast. There was room only for the driver
and a single passenger, and the most fashionable curricles were pulled
by a carefully matched pair of horses.
Felton wrote:
Curricles were ancient carriages, but are lately revived with considerable improvements; and none are so much regarded for fashion as these are by those who are partial to drive their own horses; they are certainly a superior kind of two-wheeled carriage, and from their novelty, and being generally used by persons of eminence, are, on that account, preferred as a more genteel kind of carriage than phaetons; though not possessing any advantage to be compared with them, except in lightness, wherein they excel every other, having so great a power to so small a draught. They are built much stronger and heavier than what is necessary for one-horse chaises, and the larger they are the better they look, if not to an extreme.15
 |
| The curricle from The story of the London parks by J Larwood (1874) |
 |
| Fixed or proper curricle from A Treatise on carriages by W Felton (1796) |
The proprietors of this sort of carriage are in general persons of high repute for fashion, and who are, continually, of themselves, inventing some improvements, the variety of which would be too tedious to relate.16
In Hannah More’s Coelebs in Search of a Wife, the hero, Charles, invites Celia to ride in his new curricle. She impulsively invites her sister to join them:
I am sure the curricle will hold us all nicely; for I am very little, and Lucilla is not very big.17
Catherine Morland is invited to ride in Henry Tilney’s curricle on the way to Northanger Abbey:
In the course of a few minutes, she found herself with Henry in the curricle, as happy a being as ever existed. A very short trial convinced her that a curricle was the prettiest equipage in the world; the chaise and four wheeled off with some grandeur, to be sure, but it was a heavy and troublesome business, and she could not easily forget its having stopped two hours at Petty France. Half the time would have been enough for the curricle, and so nimbly were the light horses disposed to move, that, had not the general chosen to have his own carriage lead the way, they could have passed it with ease in half a minute.18
 |
| Catherine rides in Mr Tilney's curricle from Northanger Abbey by Jane Austen in The novels and letters of Jane Austen ed RB Johnson (1906) |
In Pride and Prejudice, Mr Darcy drives his sister to meet Elizabeth Bennet in his curricle:
They had been walking about the place with some of their new friends, and were just returning to the inn to dress themselves for dining with the same family, when the sound of a carriage drew them to a window, and they saw a gentleman and a lady in a curricle driving up the street. Elizabeth immediately recognizing the livery, guessed what it meant, and imparted no small degree of her surprise to her relations by acquainting them with the honour which she expected.19
In Sense and Sensibility, the dashing Mr Willoughby drives a curricle:
On their return from the park they found Willoughby's curricle and servant in waiting at the cottage, and Mrs Dashwood was convinced that her conjecture had been just.20
In Mansfield Park, the rich and would-be fashionable Mr Rushworth owns a curricle:
How would Mr. Crawford like, in what manner would he choose, to take a survey of the grounds? Mr. Rushworth mentioned his curricle. Mr. Crawford suggested the greater desirableness of some carriage which might convey more than two.21
In Persuasion, both Charles Musgrove and Mr Elliot own curricles:
They had nearly done breakfast, when the sound of a carriage, (almost the first they had heard since entering Lyme) drew half the party to the window. It was a gentleman's carriage, a curricle, but only coming round from the stable-yard to the front door; somebody must be going away. It was driven by a servant in mourning.The word curricle made Charles Musgrove jump up that he might compare it with his own; the servant in mourning roused Anne's curiosity, and the whole six were collected to look, by the time the owner of the curricle was to be seen issuing from the door amidst the bows and civilities of the household, and taking his seat, to drive off.22
A changeable curricle, or curricle gig
This was a curricle that was designed so it could be used, if necessity
required it, by a single horse. This could prove useful when travelling
when a horse went lame.
 |
| Changeable curricle or curricle gig from A Treatise on carriages by W Felton (1796) |
 |
| A hooded gig in the National Trust Carriage Museum at Arlington Court |
Felton wrote:
Gigs are one-horse chaises, of various patterns, devised according to the fancy of the occupier; but, more generally, means those that hang by braces from the springs; the mode of hanging is what principally constitutes the name of Gig, which is only a one-horse chaise of the most fashionable make; curricles being now the most fashionable sort of two-wheeled carriages, it is usual, in building a Gig, to imitate them, particularly in the mode of hanging.23
 |
| Chair back gig from A Treatise on carriages by W Felton (1796) |
They were prevented crossing by the approach of a gig, driven along on bad pavement by a most knowing-looking coachman with all the vehemence that could most fitly endanger the lives of himself, his companion, and his horse.“Oh, these odious gigs!” said Isabella, looking up. “How I detest them.” But this detestation, though so just, was of short duration, for she looked again and exclaimed, “Delightful! Mr. Morland and my brother!”“Good heaven! 'Tis James!” was uttered at the same moment by Catherine; and, on catching the young men's eyes, the horse was immediately checked with a violence which almost threw him on his haunches, and the servant having now scampered up, the gentlemen jumped out, and the equipage was delivered to his care.24
Mr Thorpe boasts about his gig to Catherine:
What do you think of my gig, Miss Morland? A neat one, is not it? Well hung; town-built; I have not had it a month. It was built for a Christchurch man, a friend of mine, a very good sort of fellow; he ran it a few weeks, till, I believe, it was convenient to have done with it. I happened just then to be looking out for some light thing of the kind, though I had pretty well determined on a curricle too. He continued: Curricle-hung, you see; seat, trunk, sword-case, splashing-board, lamps, silver moulding, all you see complete; the iron-work as good as new, or better.25
In Pride and Prejudice, Mr Collins has a gig:
While Sir William was with them, Mr. Collins devoted his morning to driving him out in his gig, and showing him the country.26
In Persuasion, Admiral Croft has a gig:
This long meadow bordered a lane, which their footpath, at the end of it was to cross, and when the party had all reached the gate of exit, the carriage advancing in the same direction, which had been some time heard, was just coming up, and proved to be Admiral Croft's gig. He and his wife had taken their intended drive, and were returning home. Upon hearing how long a walk the young people had engaged in, they kindly offered a seat to any lady who might be particularly tired; it would save her a full mile, and they were going through Uppercross. The invitation was general, and generally declined. The Miss Musgroves were not at all tired, and Mary was either offended, by not being asked before any of the others, or what Louisa called the Elliot pride could not endure to make a third in a one-horse chaise.27
Gig curricle
In the same way that a curricle gig was designed for two horses and
occasionally used with one, so a gig curricle was designed for one horse
and occasionally used with two.
Chair
 |
| Gig curricle from A Treatise on carriages by W Felton (1796) |
In his glossary, Felton described a chair as:
A light chaise without pannels, for the use of parks, gardens, &c a name commonly applied to all light chaises.28
 |
| Rib chair or Yarmouth cart from A Treatise on carriages by W Felton (1796) |
In a letter from Southampton dated 7 January 1807, Jane wrote:
We expected James yesterday, but he did not come; if he comes at all now, his visit will be a very short one, as he must return to-morrow, that Ajax and the chair may be sent to Winchester on Saturday.29
In a letter from Godmersham Park dated 3 November 1813, Jane wrote:
I had but just time to enjoy your letter yesterday before Edward and I set off in the chair for Canty., and I allowed him to hear the chief of it as we went along.30
In Jane Austen’s unfinished novel, The Watsons, Emma Watson is waiting for her father’s chair to fetch her after a ball:
Emma was at once astonished by finding it two o'clock, and considering that she had heard nothing of her father's chair. After this discovery, she had walked twice to the window to examine the street, and was on the point of asking leave to ring the bell and make inquiries, when the light sound of a carriage driving up to the door set her heart at ease. She stepped again to the window, but instead of the convenient though very un-smart family equipage, perceived a neat curricle.31
Whiskey
 |
| Half-pannel whiskey from A Treatise on carriages by W Felton (1796) |
A lighter sort of a one-horse chaise than usual.32
Felton explained:
Whiskies are one-horse chaises of the lightest construction, with which the horses may travel with ease and expedition, and quickly pass other carriages on the road, for which they are called Whiskies.33
It would seem from the definitions of a whiskey and a chair that there
was some overlap which is why the names are sometimes used
interchangeably.
.jpeg&docid=R1FbTEt_Iah3yM&tbnid=3za7NQ07ZdwN5M&vet=12ahUKEwingMemi_OPAxUrxjgGHQZQN3YQM3oECBsQAA..i&w=639&h=510&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwingMemi_OPAxUrxjgGHQZQN3YQM3oECBsQAA)
.jpeg){kind=spacer}
buggies,
1900 BUGGY HORSE-DRAWN BUGGY
barrett-jackson.com
en.wikipedia.org
| HORSE AND BUGGY |
tilburys,
 |
| tilburys, |
sociables, landaulets
A landaulet or landaulette carriage is a cut-down (coupé) version of a landau horse-drawn carriage. The landaulette retains the rear half of the landau's two-part folding top.[1]
The earliest use of the word shown in the Oxford English Dictionary is in a patent of 1771, using the former spelling landawlet.[2]
A variant of the brougham called a brougham-landaulette had a top collapsible from the rear doors backward.
The name landaulette was also used for the landaulet car body style, where the passengers are covered by a removable top and the chauffeur is usually covered and separated from passengers by a division.
1816 Carriage
Landaulet carriage
Landaulet carriage
.jpg)
, britzskas
s
and clarences.
The last man who used the word " clarence " in Bombay must have been Norman Macleod, who asked his host — it was after tiffin — if his " clarence " was ready. This was, no doubt, a Glasgow archaism or slip of the tongue and relic of William IV.'s days.
The rise, progress and extinction of hack buggies
would need a history by itself They were fearful instruments of torture, and for more than one generation at least
would need a history by itself They were fearful instruments of torture, and for more than one generation at least
the drivers had the credit of being thieves and pick-pockets. As you sat next the driver, and were jolted against him, there cannot be a doubt that he disseminated dirt, disease and vermin.
- Victorias
.jpg)
- Panel-boot victorias
Victoria in the Palace of Cortés, Cuernavaca, Mexico
1860 panel-boot victoria by John Kingbury, Albany, New York
A "panel-boot" Victoria, with a drop-down front bench (Ellwood House, DeKalb, Illinois)
we are indebted in a great measure to Sir Frank Souter and Mr. Weber
. Mr. Vincent, then the head of our police, took a most distinguished part in this crusade against the detestable buggy, which ceased to exist about 1881.
Several attempts vyere made by Mr. Weber to introduce the hansom,
which were unsuccessful, and this vehicle, we think, does not now exist in Bombay.
which were unsuccessful, and this vehicle, we think, does not now exist in Bombay.
The tramway,
History Of Tram Service In Mumbai ...
which has been such an inestimable blessing to us all, began about 1874
memumbai.com
Horse drawn tram of the Beaumaris Tramway Company.
which has been such an inestimable blessing to us all, began about 1874
1875-BOMBAY-MODES OF TRAVEL[1] HACKERRY CARRIAGE[2] ELEPHANTS
"A
Hackney Coach, 1842," from 'London in the Nineteenth Century' by Sir
Walter Besant. The word 'hackney' went from describing a type of horse
to describing the vehicle the horse pulled; from there, 'hack' became a
term for a person who works for hire.
same photo with 3 names recently put !!!
Glimpses of old Bombay and western India, with other papers (1900) |
William Johnson and William Henderson. Knifegrinders, Bombay, ca. 1856.
![Bonhams : JOHNSON (WILLIAM J.) AND WILLIAM HENDERSON] Indian Amateur's Photographic Album, nos. 1-31 (no. 5 being an 'Appendix', see below) bound in 3 vol., FIRST EDITION, [Bombay, William Henderson, November 1856-May 1859]](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
![Bonhams : JOHNSON (WILLIAM J.) AND WILLIAM HENDERSON] Indian Amateur's Photographic Album, nos. 1-31 (no. 5 being an 'Appendix', see below) bound in 3 vol., FIRST EDITION, [Bombay, William Henderson, November 1856-May 1859]](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
![Bonhams : JOHNSON (WILLIAM J.) AND WILLIAM HENDERSON] Indian Amateur's Photographic Album, nos. 1-31 (no. 5 being an 'Appendix', see below) bound in 3 vol., FIRST EDITION, [Bombay, William Henderson, November 1856-May 1859]](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
1875--The arrival of a railway locomotive in India, 1875.
commons.wikimedia.org
Indian Tramway constructed by His Highness the Guicowar of Baroda," from the Illustrated London News, 1863*
Antique Print India Baroda Bullock Driven Tram & FDC
This 15 x 11 inches page is from the Illustrated London News (newspaper) of May 23, 1863. I also have the 1987 commemorative FDC (First Day Cover) issue in my collection of this Baroda Tramway scene, see images.
Maharaja Gaekwar, Gaekwad, or Guicowar, as the British called him, were dynastic rulers of Baroda. Better known as Gaekwad Royalty today. The princely state of Baroda was one of the wealthiest in the British India era. The Maharaja constructed a tramway or minor Railway for the people of his princely state.
The tramway was bullock-driven as there were no electric trams at the time. And horses were not used because of lesser pulling power than bullocks, I suppose. Read the interesting article titled “The First Indian Tramway. Made By A Prince.” See separate scan to read the entire article.
The top side picture in the newspaper page is about a Sultan’s return from Egypt. See my posts on- Vintage Postcard The Gaekwad’s Bungalow Bombay, and Vintage Postcard Bombay A Prince On Elephant.
Did you know- in 1908 the Maharaja Gaekwad was the sixth richest man in the world. The Time magazine had even stated about the Maharaja wealth.
From the collection- Vintage Photo Bombay Horse-Drawn Tram., Antique Print Ruins At Fatehpur Sikri., Vintage Photo Madras Mount Road Electric Tram., Raja Ravi Varma’s “Birth of Shakuntala” Oleograph of c1894
| 1853-INDIA'S FIRST TRAIN-BOMBAY TO THANA |
On April 16th, at 3:35pm,1853 the first train in India leaves Bombay for Thane
1877-BOMBAY-STEAM ROAD ROLLER
1875-First train to leave Parel station in 2020 | Bombay, Mumbai, Vintage
Images may be subject to copyright. Learn More
Related
1870-BOMBAY- PAREL RAILWAY STATION -
SHOWING DEPARTURE OF DUKE OF EDINBURGH
DUKE OF EDINBURGH 1870
1865-SHIP 'BOMBAY' BURNING'BOMBAY'--1865 3RD VOYAGE TO NEW ZEALAND
'BOMBAY'= 900 TONS CAPT: SELLARS .FROM LONDON DEPARTED 26TH NOVEMBER 1864
TOTAL NO:OF PASSENGERS :- 390
TOTAL NO:OF PASSENGERS :- 390
%20&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2F5%2F52%2FPrise_de_la_fr%25C3%25A9gate_anglaise_The_Ceylon_par_la_fr%25C3%25A9gate_fran%25C3%25A7aise_La_V%25C3%25A9nus_0000900167_OG_%2528cropped%2529.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHMS_Bombay_(1805)&docid=TazZzrzRR3JuwM&tbnid=nbi08SOZWydQ9M&vet=12ahUKEwjjpNSJifOPAxX4yDgGHeIvIHYQM3oECBgQAA..i&w=1465&h=855&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwjjpNSJifOPAxX4yDgGHeIvIHYQM3oECBgQAA)
%20&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fupload.wikimedia.org%2Fwikipedia%2Fcommons%2Fthumb%2Fa%2Fa1%2FVenus_vs_Ceylon.jpg%2F250px-Venus_vs_Ceylon.jpg&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHMS_Bombay_(1805)&docid=TazZzrzRR3JuwM&tbnid=yIfoDZNcqDoa7M&vet=12ahUKEwjjpNSJifOPAxX4yDgGHeIvIHYQM3oECCEQAA..i&w=250&h=179&hcb=2&ved=2ahUKEwjjpNSJifOPAxX4yDgGHeIvIHYQM3oECCEQAA)
| CATHEDRAL ---BEFORE ARRIVAL OF ELECTRICITY-SHOWS HAND PULLED MAT FAN(PUNKAH) CAN BE SEEN AS THE WHITE CLOTH OVER THE PEWS |
BRITISH EMPIRE 1713 (BLUE)
Native Indian musicians from Bombay in 19th Century
![[Indian+Musicians.jpg]](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqqBgC8dtySp6VZWSsxU0rH4RrDUoXOfXfsyPNSdg3paPODZJlDcjU3cse1TfP7GMGEdefFyr7w2WdrG6Ys4EF3ILVIEzr0jhVy3Gs0xUjVv7k7ZFP1QFCdL_Y9FgQprezlBkGiQS7xvW8/s640-rw/Indian+Musicians.jpg)
How Mumbai lost its animal instinct: The Times of India;Sunday, April 25, 2010,
Mumbai: In the winter of 1913, residents witnessed a jackal 
being chased by a pack of stray dogs from Charni Road Station to Marine Drive. In 1822, a tiger trotted down Malabar Hill, headed to Gowalia Tank to quench its thirst, and ran off up the hill again, its pug marks clearly visible the next morning. And on February 15, 1859, all hell broke loose when a panther was spotted prowling the lanes of Kalbadevi. It was hunted down and shot to death by the then Commissioner of Police as it fled towards the shores of Back Bay.
While old-timers who've grown up on such city lore smile wistfully and doff their hats to a Bombay that no longer is, it's hard to imagine the plush residential areas of Marine Drive and Malabar Hill sharing space with the likes of now endangered animals like tigers, Indian wild boar, jackals and striped hyenas. Mumbai has paid a high price for the tag of financial capital of India, say historians and experts who have documented the demise of wildlife in the city. The last tiger
is believed to have been shot in the vicinity of Vihar Lake on January 22, 1929, by a J J Sutari.
But it's not just the tiger that has been driven to extinction in Mumbai. Jackals and hyenas, too, have been systematically hunted down over the last century.
Anand Pendharkar, wildlife biologist and director of NGO SPROUTS, said: "There are a few rare jackal sightings mainly in mangrove areas near Lokhandwala Complex in Andheri, Malad, Charkop and Gorai. And the shy civet cat
and mongoose
occasionally make an appearance in areas like Vikhroli and Goregaon East, but their numbers have dropped drastically."
Striped hyenas
managed to survive the urban onslaught till as late as the 1990s. "We believe that the last two hyenas of Mumbai were shot dead near Film City in Goregaon in the '90s," said Sunjoy Monga, author and naturalist.
The leopard
has managed to survive Mumbai's economic boom. The much-maligned cat scratches out a living, its habitat restricted to the green patches at the Sanjay Gandhi National Park and Aarey Milk Colony.
being chased by a pack of stray dogs from Charni Road Station to Marine Drive. In 1822, a tiger trotted down Malabar Hill, headed to Gowalia Tank to quench its thirst, and ran off up the hill again, its pug marks clearly visible the next morning. And on February 15, 1859, all hell broke loose when a panther was spotted prowling the lanes of Kalbadevi. It was hunted down and shot to death by the then Commissioner of Police as it fled towards the shores of Back Bay.
While old-timers who've grown up on such city lore smile wistfully and doff their hats to a Bombay that no longer is, it's hard to imagine the plush residential areas of Marine Drive and Malabar Hill sharing space with the likes of now endangered animals like tigers, Indian wild boar, jackals and striped hyenas. Mumbai has paid a high price for the tag of financial capital of India, say historians and experts who have documented the demise of wildlife in the city. The last tiger
is believed to have been shot in the vicinity of Vihar Lake on January 22, 1929, by a J J Sutari.
 |
| A Tiger hunt by English men |
But it's not just the tiger that has been driven to extinction in Mumbai. Jackals and hyenas, too, have been systematically hunted down over the last century.
Anand Pendharkar, wildlife biologist and director of NGO SPROUTS, said: "There are a few rare jackal sightings mainly in mangrove areas near Lokhandwala Complex in Andheri, Malad, Charkop and Gorai. And the shy civet cat
and mongoose
occasionally make an appearance in areas like Vikhroli and Goregaon East, but their numbers have dropped drastically."
Striped hyenas
managed to survive the urban onslaught till as late as the 1990s. "We believe that the last two hyenas of Mumbai were shot dead near Film City in Goregaon in the '90s," said Sunjoy Monga, author and naturalist.
The leopard
has managed to survive Mumbai's economic boom. The much-maligned cat scratches out a living, its habitat restricted to the green patches at the Sanjay Gandhi National Park and Aarey Milk Colony.
